Motor Control Deficits of the Shoulder




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Shoulder Webinar Reference list:

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Wulf G. Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2017 Jan 24:1-9.
Zachry T1Wulf GMercer JBezodis N. Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention. Brain Res
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Kuhn YA, et al.Adopting an external focus of attention alters intracortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2017 Jun;220(2):289-299.

Riemann BL1Lephart SM. The Sensorimotor System, Part II: The Role of Proprioception in Motor Control and Functional Joint Stability. J Athl Train. 2002 Jan;37(1):80-4.

Glendon K, et al. Upper limb joint position sense during shoulder flexion in healthy individuals. Shoulder Elbow. 2016 Jan;8(1):54-60.

Jeremiah HM, et al. Do hypermobile subjects without pain have alteration to the feedback mechanisms controlling the shoulder girdle? Musculoskeletal Care. 2010 Sep;8(3):157-63.

Suprak DN. Shoulder elevation affects joint position sense and muscle activation differently in upright and supine body orientations.
Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Apr;46:148-58.

Brady L. Tripp, PhD, LAT, ATC, et al. Functional Fatigue and Upper Extremity Sensorimotor System Acuity in Baseball Athletes. JAT. 2007.
Takasaki H1. The effect of shoulder muscle fatigue on active repositioning acuity and scapulothoracic resting alignment: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Phys Ther Sport. 2016 Jul;20:61-78.


Lin YL. Errors in Shoulder Joint Position Sense Mainly Come from the Glenohumeral Joint. J Appl Biomech. 2017 Feb;33(1):32-38.

Balke M, et al. The laser-pointer assisted angle reproduction test for evaluation of proprioceptive shoulder function in patients with instability. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011 Aug;131(8):1077-84.
Sahin E1, et al. Shoulder proprioception in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Mar 27.

Vafadar AK, et al. Interrater and Intrarater Reliability and Validity of 3 Measurement Methods for Shoulder-Position Sense. J Sport Rehabil. 2016 Feb 2;Technical Report 19:2014-0309.

José Inácio Salles, PhD, et al. Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception. J Athl Train. 2015 Mar; 50(3): 277–280.

Lin Y. Exercises focusing on rotator cuff and scapular muscles do not improve shoulder joint position sense in healthy subjects. Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Oct;49:248-57.

Botnmark I. Tactile acuity, body schema integrity and physical performance of the shoulder: A cross-sectional study. Man Ther. 2016 Jun;23:9-16.

Shoulder proprioception: How is it measured and is it reliable? A systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2017 Apr - Jun;30(2):221-231.